A federated state, commonly simply referred to as a state, is a territorial A territory is a defined area (including land and waters), considered to be a possession of a person, organization, institution, animal, state or country subdivision. The word can also mean: and constitutional A constitution is a set of laws that a set of people have made and agreed upon for government—often codified as a written document—that enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. In the case of countries and autonomous regions of federal countries the community forming part of a federal union A federation , also known as a federal state, is a type of sovereign state characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central (federal) government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of.^[1] Such states differ from sovereign states A sovereign state is a political association with effective internal and external sovereignty over a geographic area and population which is not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. While in abstract terms a sovereign state can exist without being recognised by other sovereign states, unrecognised states will often find it hard to, in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided. The concept has been discussed, debated and questioned throughout history, from the time of the Romans through to the present day, powers to a federal government A federal government is the common government of a federation. The structure of federal governments vary from institution to institution. Based on a broad definition of a basic federal political system, there are two or more levels of government that exist within an established territory and govern through common institutions with overlapping or.^[2] A federated state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory A territory is a defined area (including land and waters), considered to be a possession of a person, organization, institution, animal, state or country subdivision. The word can also mean: and is a form of regional government Administrative divisions are divisions of a political division. In other words, they are designated portions of a country. They are also called subnational entities. They are each granted a certain degree of autonomy, and are required to manage themselves through their own local governments. Countries are divided up into these smaller units to.

In some cases, a federation A federation , also known as a federal state,EKAS.gee is a type of sovereign state characterized by a union of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central (federal) government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral is created from a union of political entities, which are either independent, or dependent territories A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State of another sovereign entity (most commonly a colonial power Colonialism is the building and maintaining of colonies in one territory by people from another territory. Colonialism is a process whereby sovereignty over the colony is claimed by the metropole and social structure, government and economics within the territory of the colony are changed by the colonists. Colonialism is a certain set of unequal). In other cases, states have been created by a previously unitary government A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate. Many states in the world have a unitary system of government in a devolution Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a sovereign state to government at a subnational level, such as a regional, local, or state level. It differs from federalism in that the powers devolved may be temporary and ultimately reside in central government, thus the state remains, de jure, unitary of powers in order to allow for a federal constitution. Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's municipal law Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state defined in opposition to international law. Municipal law includes not only law at the national level, but law at the state, provincial, territorial, regional or local levels. While, as far as the law of the state is concerned, these may be distinct categories of law, and not international law Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of sovereign states, analogous entities, such as the Holy See, and intergovernmental organizations. To a lesser degree, international law also may affect multinational corporations and individuals, an impact increasingly evolving beyond domestic legal interpretation and enforcement.

In countries with federal constitutions, sovereignty Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a territory. It can be found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal explanation can be provided. The concept has been discussed, debated and questioned throughout history, from the time of the Romans through to the present day, is shared between the federal government and its component states. These states are partially self-governing It may refer to personal conduct or family units but more commonly refers to larger scale activities, i.e., professions, industry bodies, religions and political units, up to and including autonomous regions and aboriginal peoples . It falls within the larger context of governance and principles such as consent of the governed, and may involve non- and are usually afforded a considerable degree of autonomy In the subfield of Sociology called Sociology of knowledge, controversy over the boundaries of autonomy stopped at the concept of relative autonomy , until a typology of autonomy was created and developed within science and technology studies (MARANHÃO, 2005; 2006; 2007; SOBRAL & MARANHÃO, 2008). According to it, the contemporary form of. In most cases, within its own territory, a federated state's administrative rights and powers cannot be over-ruled or vetoed A veto, Latin for "I forbid", is the power of an officer of the state to stop unilaterally a piece of legislation. In practice, the veto can be absolute or limited (as in the legislative process of the United States, where a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate may override a Presidential veto of legislation) by the federal government. However, the laws Law is a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions. Laws can shape or reflect politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the federal constitution and state constitutions A constitution is a set of laws that a set of people have made and agreed upon for government—often codified as a written document—that enumerates and limits the powers and functions of a political entity. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is. In the case of countries and autonomous regions of federal countries the.

Countries made up of federated states

Twelve countries are made up of federated states and use the English term state to refer the federated entities.^[3][4]

• Australia For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of the roughly 250 language groups. After sporadic visits by fishermen from the immediate north and discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by the British consists of 6 states (as well as 2 major territories and several external territories);^[5] see States and territories of Australia The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of six states and two major mainland territories. There are also lesser territories that are under the administration of the federal government.
• Austria Austria /ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/ (German: Österreich (help·info)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It borders Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and consists of 9 states (or Bundesländer);^[6] see States of Austria Austria is a federal republic made up of nine states, known in German as Länder . Since Land is also the German word for a sovereign state, the term Bundesländer ("Federal States"; singular Bundesland) is often used instead to avoid ambiguity. The Constitution of Austria uses both terms. In US English, the term (Bundes)land is commonly.
• Brazil Brazil (pronounced /brəˈzɪl/ ; Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America and the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical consists of 26 states (and 1 federal district The Federal District is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Located in a region called Planalto Central, or Central Plateau, the Federal District is divided in 20 administrative regions. Brasilia - place where the three branches of the Federal Government are located - is the main attraction of this dry area and climate with only two);^[7] see States of Brazil The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados and one district, the Distrito Federal ("Federal District") which contains the capital city, Brasília.
• Germany A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, has been known and documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. During the 16th century, northern Germany became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. As a modern nation-state, consists of 16 states (or Länder);^[8] see States of Germany Germany is made up of sixteen Länder , generally referred to in English as states. In official English translations, the term "land" is commonly used. A Land (colloquially but rarely in a legal context also called Bundesland, for "federal state") is one of the partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of.
• India India, officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the consists of 28 states (and 7 union territories A Union Territory is a sub-national administrative division of India, in the federal framework of governance. Unlike the states of India, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the federal government; the President of India appoints an Administrator or Lieutenant-Governor for each territory);^[9] see States and territories of India India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.
• Malaysia ^ b. The current terminology as per government policy is Bahasa Malaysia but legislation continues to refer to the official language as Bahasa Melayu (literally Malay language). English may continue to be used for some official purposes under the National Language Act 1967 consists of 13 states (and 3 federal territories);^[10] see States of Malaysia Malaysia is a federation which consists of thirteen states and three federal territories (Wilayah Persekutuan). Eleven states and two federal territories are located on the Malay Peninsula while the remaining two states and one federal territory are on the island of Borneo.
• Mexico In Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory, which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain which would eventually become Mexico consists of 31 states (and 1 federal district Mexico City is the capital and largest city in the country of Mexico. It is the current seat of the Powers of the Union but the Mexican federal Congress, which is controlled by the 31 free and sovereign Mexican States, can change the location of such seat if it desires to do so. Mexico City is also known as the Federal District (Distrito Federal),);^[11] see States of Mexico The United Mexican States , is a federal republic composed of 32 federal entities (Spanish: entidades federativas), (31 States and 1 Federal District). These states constitute one Federated State or Union.
• The Federated States of Micronesia The Federated States of Micronesia /ˌmaɪkroʊˈniːʒə/ is an independent, sovereign island nation, made up of four states from west to east: Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae. It comprises approximately 607 small islands in the Western Pacific spread over almost 1,700 miles (2,700 km) longitudinally just north of the equator some 2,500 miles (4,00 consists of 4 states;^[12] see Divisions of F.S.M..
• Nigeria Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on consists of 36 states (and 1 federal territory The Federal Capital Territory is the home of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria. The Territory was formed in 1976 from parts of former Nasarawa, Niger, and Kogi States. It is in the central region of the country. Unlike the States of Nigeria, which are headed by elected Governors, it is administered by the Federal Capital Territory Administration,);^[13] see States of Nigeria Nigeria is currently divided into 36 states and Abuja, the federal capital territory. The states are further divided into 774 Local Government Areas.
• Sudan Sudan (Arabic: السودان ‎As Sūdān) is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central consists of 25 states;^[14] see States of Sudan Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses. States that were not provinces before 1994 are marked with . Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary; in particular, the article "al" is sometimes transliterated as &.
• The United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language consists of 50 states (as well as 1 federal district Washington, D.C. , formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the Territory of Columbia until an act of Congress in 1871 effectively merged the City and the and several territories Territories of the United States are one type of political division of the United States, administered directly by the federal government of the United States and not any part of a U.S. state. These territories were created to govern newly acquired land while the borders of the United States were still evolving. Territories can be classified by);^[15] see U.S. states A U.S. state is any one of 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of commonwealth rather than state. State citizenship is.
• Venezuela Venezuela (pronounced /ˌvɛnɨˈzweɪlə/ ; Spanish: [beneˈswela]), officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It is a continental mainland with numerous islands located off its coastline in the Caribbean Sea. The republic is consists of 23 states (as well as 1 federal dependency The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela encompass all of Venezuela's off shore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela. These islands, with a total area of 342 square kilometres, are sparsely populated - according to official sources only 3000 people live there permanently, with another hundred from Margarita Island who live there and 1 federal district;^[16] see Subdivisions of Venezuela.

Equivalent federative terms

A number of countries are made up of federated states but do not use the English term state to refer the federated entities.^[3][4]

• Argentina has a federal system which consists of 23 provinces (and 1 federal district);^[17] see Provinces of Argentina.
• Belgium consists of a number of federated components;^[18] see Divisions of Belgium.
• Canada has a federal system which consists of 10 provinces (and 3 territories);^[19] see Provinces and territories of Canada.
• Ethiopia has a federal system that consists of 9 kililoch (and 3 chartered cities);^[20] see Regions of Ethiopia.
• Iraq has a federal system that consists of 18 governorates;^[21] see Governorates of Iraq.
• Pakistan has a federal system that consists of 4 provinces (and 4 federal territories);^[22] see Administrative divisions of Pakistan.
• Russia has a federal system that consists of 83 federal subjects (of varying terms; and 2 federal cities);^[23] see Federal subjects of Russia.
• Switzerland consists of 26 cantons;^[24] see Cantons of Switzerland.
• The United Arab Emirates has a federal system that consists of 7 emirates;^[25] see Emirates of the U.A.E..

References

1. ^ The Australian National Dictionary: Fourth Edition, pg 1395. (2004) Canberra. ISBN 0-19-551771-7.
2. ^ Constitution of the United States of America: Tenth Amendment, Reserved Powers
3. ^ ^{a b} "Field Listing : Administrative Divisions". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009-10-01. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2051.html?countryName=&countryCode=&regionCode=&. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Federalism by Country". Forum of Federations. 2009-03-30. http://www.forumfed.org/en/federalism/by_country/index.php. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
5. ^ Daniel, Kate; Special Broadcasting Service Corporation (2008). SBS World Guide: The Complete Fact File on Every Country, 16th ed.. Prahran, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books. pp. 827. p38. ISBN 9781740666480. http://books.google.com/books?id=wU1LMAAACAAJ&dq=SBS+World+Guide:+The+Complete+Fact+File+On+Every+Country.
6. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p46
7. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p101
8. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p275
9. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p328
10. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p460
11. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p481
12. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p486
13. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p537
14. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p687
15. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p774
16. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p798
17. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p26
18. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p74
19. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p132
20. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p239
21. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p346
22. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p549
23. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p600
24. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p700
25. ^ SBS World Guide 2008, p760

Categories: Administrative divisions | States

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